THE MANIKIKI NATION
SMOKE SIGNALS
December, 2007 yindianguides.org ![]()
Longhouse Notes
Next Longhouse: 7:30 pm, Tuesday,
December 18th @ The Green YMCA for all Chiefs
7:00 pm, for all Council
All Council members and Chiefs are
required to attend Longhouse. Chiefs,
if you cannot attend, please get one of your tribe members to attend and sign
in for you.
Congratulations to - The Navajo Tribe!
For winning the Big Medicine Award for 2007!

Chief’s Action Items Summary
Two Words!
FUND RAISER!!
(Ok, maybe it should be one word!)
The point is:
Please help in making this our most
successful fundraiser ever!!
“Blowin’
Smoke”
Wow! 2007 sure
went by fast! And, since the end of a
year is usually a time to reflect on things, I’d like to say thanks to a few
people who’ve made these past few months memorable, including…
And, finally, thanks to everyone on the Joe Friday committee,
for voting me into your group this year.
It’s an honor, and thank you!
So, as we move forward into ’08, and another exciting year,
I thank you for your continued support of our nation, and look forward to
seeing everyone at the Kalahari overnighter, FAScar race, Fundraiser, and more
of the fun events we have planned for next year!
Kurt “Big Bear” Leibensperger
Manikiki Nation Chief
Upcoming
Events
January Event – Kalahari Overnighter!
Friday
January 4th through Saturday January 6th.
Room price
is $134.00 for one night and includes four (4) water park passes. Room price for a 2nd night stay is $114.00. No down payment is needed.
Rooms will
be paid for as you arrive at the hotel.
Check in is 3:00 pm on Friday (but you can get in the water park at
noon). Check out is at 11:00 am on
Sunday (but you can stay in the water park until 5pm)
See
the Kalahari Flyer at the end of Smoke.
February Event – FASCAR Race at the Green YMCA!
Registration: Friday, February 15th
from 6:00 pm until 8:30 pm.
Race Date:
Saturday, February 16th
Race Times: Ages 5-7 9:00 am - 10:30 am
8-9 10:30 - 12:00 pm
10-12 12:00 - 1:30 pm
Cars must be registered
Friday evening to be eligible to race Saturday.
FASCAR kits
are available from Tom Knoebel of the Comanche Tribe; have your chief get you one
from Tom at the next longhouse meeting, or call Tom at 330-882-2387. Kits cost $5.00 each. Kits will also be available at the Kalahari
Overnighter.
Better get
started on the project because the race will be here before you know it!!
See the FASCAR rules at
the end of Smoke.
Nation Officer Reports
Nation
Chief: Kurt “Big Bear” Leibensperger 330-699-4734,
330-606-1944 kurtleib@hotmail.com
Tonka Hey! Andrew
and I would like to wish everyone in the Nation a very Merry Christmas and a
Happy New Year. I look forward to
seeing current council (and past council) at our annual post Longhouse
Christmas Party at Legends in Tuesday, December 18th. As always, this will be a good time!
And, with fun events coming up like the FASCAR race,
Kalahari overnighter, Pro Football Hall of Fame tour, and campouts at Camp Y
Noah (this spring) and our return to Camp Fitch (this fall), 2008 looks to be
another fun year! Enjoy the holidays
with your sons and your families…and see you in ’08!
War Chief: John
“Sits By Fire” Waller 330-867-5726,
330-256-4430 john.waller@wilsontool.com
Thank you to all of our Tribe Chiefs for helping us update
the Nation Roster over the last month or so. It is a busy time with holidays
and an overload of things to get done, so the effort is well appreciated. If
you have any further changes, deletions or additions, please forward those to
me as they happen so we can keep our roster as accurate and easy to use as
possible.
Well Done, Arapaho and co-sponsor Comanche for another
great Father/Son Banquet again this year. Everything went off smoothly and
timely and the kids loved the animal lady. That’s as quiet as I’ve ever seen
the group. It was great. Also, congratulations to our Joe Friday and
Outstanding Service Awards recipients for the year, they are a very deserving
group.
Finally, the Wallers would like to extend to all Manikiki
braves and your families a very Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! See you
all at Kalahari!
Sachem: Scott “Singin’ Moose” Summers 330-644-9110,
330-606-6965 scotts@rolandus.com
It has been a pretty active couple
of weeks for the Manikiki Nation. We had a very productive longhouse and
there are some great events coming up this winter. I am really excited
about the Kalahari overnighter on January 4th.
In preparation for our swim overnighter,
the “Sinkin’ Moose” / “Big Polar Bear” / “Cold Rubba Dubba” swim in the Portage
Lakes behind Dano’s bar was something to behold. My son is going to get
it up on you tube this weekend so everyone can watch and laugh with us.
We rose close to $800 for a great cause so it was well worth the two
minutes of torture. I have included the email dialog at the end of the
smoke for your entertainment.
Now onto the Father Son banquet. Thanks go out to the Paul, Rich and the
rest of the Arapaho for once again exceeding expectations sponsoring this
event. The ceremony itself went off smoothly and the entertainment was
very well received by the boys. Great job all the way around.
Congratulations to all the award winners (documented in at the end of the
newsletter). Pat and Gregg were easy selections for Outstanding Service
awards and we have five new deserving members of the Joe Friday Award club.
Finally, I want to thank the Joe Friday committee for giving me a second award.
As I stated at the ceremony, the Joe Friday plaque is front and center on
my ego wall and I know that all my fellow award recipients feel the same way.
I am honored to have such a great group of friends.
Medicine
Man: Jim “Iron back” Cross 330-245-1326, 330-697-9121 jcross009@neo.rr.com
It is about time to upgrade our
display at the YMCA. If anyone has any favorite photos please send them to me
or contact me so we can keep it interesting and fresh.
Roster changes (add/delete) please
let me know as soon as possible.
It is important (especially
for me) to make sure that the roster as well as sign in sheets are
verified and kept up to date...so that ALL the young braves get credit at the
end of the year and throughout.
Any feather or bead shortages to
this point please let me know.
Wampum
Bearer: Dwayne “Big Bad Wolf” Haines 330-699-0972,
330-419-1002 dghaines@babcock.com
Tonka Hey! What a great time at the father son
banquet. It was tough seeing Adam listed as an out going brave.
Indian Guides has been the greatest, even when it rains at those camp
outs. I appreciate the consideration for the Joe Friday award. Good
organizations want to make people participate. I asked Adam the things he
remembered most and he obviously stated the campouts. But he also remembered his first burn from the
fire and catching one of his tribe mates in the neck with a fishing hook.
We both say Thanks for such great memories. We hope to continue this with
Trailblazers.
Tally
Keeper: Jeff “Last Hawk” Pearce 330-714-7892 jeffp@pearceengineering.com
Way to go Manikiki Nation for raising so much money for Project Saint
Nicholas!! And thanks to the Manikiki
Swim Team Captains, Moose and Bear, for taking one for the team!
The Father/Son Banquet was a great time as always, congrats to all the
award winners!! And a special congrats to my son Tucker “Big Hawk” Pearce for
his 4th perfect attendance award in a row and Logan “Slithering
Snake” Knoebel to his 2nd perfect attendance award in a row!!
And finally a really really big thanks to all who helped in the
recruitment drives. The Comanche tribe
has grown by 125% and had 100% participation in the banquet!! The race for Big Medicine Points will surely
be interesting this year!!
Web Spinner: Charles
"Kicking Buffalo" Campbell 330-854-3077,
330-264-5383x237 kickingbuffalo@sbcglobal.net
It was great to see such a great turnout at the Father Son Banquet. I should have pictures from the banquet
posted by the time this edition of “Smoke Signals” is distributed. A note of thanks goes out to Jamie Wiggins
for being the unofficial photographer for the event.
I've also received some more pictures from other members of the nation,
both from the banquet and a couple of past events. Thanks and keep them coming! If you have any pictures or anything else you would like to see on
the website, (or anything you don't like) don't hesitate to let me know.
One last note, if any tribe, chief or council member would like an
e-mail address at the yindianguides.org domain, let me know at kickingbuffalo@sbcglobal.net
or webspinner@yindianguides.org.
Story
Teller: Dan “Big
Rock” Hickman 330-896-7164,
330-472-7010 nhickman3@aol.com
The Man Who Acted as the Sun
Once upon a time there lived a woman some distance up
Bellacoola River. She refused the offer of marriage from the young men of the
tribe, because she desired to marry the Sun. She left her village and went to seek the Sun. Finally she reached his house and married the
Sun. After she had been there one day,
she had a child. He grew very quickly,
and on the second day of his life he was able to walk and to talk. After a short time he said to his mother,
"I should like to see your mother and your father", and he began to
cry, making his mother feel homesick. When
the Sun saw that his wife felt downcast and that his son was longing to see his
grandparents, he said, "You may return to the earth to see your parents. Descend along my eyelashes. His eyelashes were the rays of the Sun, which
he extended down to his wife's home, where they lived with the woman's parents.
The boy was playing with the children of the village, who
were teasing him, saying that he had no father. He began to cry and went to his mother, whom he asked for a bow
and arrows. His mother gave him what he
requested. He went outside and began to
shoot his arrows toward the sky. The
first arrow struck the sky and stuck in it; the second arrow hit the notch of
the first one, thus he continued until a chain was formed, extending from the
sky down to the place where he was standing. Then he ascended the chain. He found the house of the Sun, which he entered. He told his father that the boys had been
teasing him, and he asked him to let him carry the sun. But his father said, 'You cannot do it. I carry many torches. Early in the morning and late in the evening
I burn small torches, but at noon I burn the large ones." The boy insisted on his request. Then his father gave him the torches, warning
him at the same to observe carefully the instructions that he was giving in
regard to their use.
Early the next morning, the young man started on the course
of the sun, carrying the torches. Soon
he grew impatient and lighted all the torches at once. Then it grew very hot. The trees began to burn, and many animals
jumped into the water to save themselves, but the water began to boil. Then his mother covered the people with her
blanket and thus saved them. The
animals hid under stones. The ermine
crept into a hole, which, however, was not quite large enough, so that the tip
of its tail protruded from the entrance. It was scorched, and since that time the tip of the ermine's tail
has been black. The mountain goat hid
in a cave; hence its skin is perfectly white. All the animals that did not hide were scorched and therefore have
black skins, but the skin on the lower side remained lighter. When the Sun saw what was happening, he said
to his son, "Why do you do so? Do
you think it is good that there are no people on the earth?"
The Sun took him and cast him down from the heavens,
saying, "You shall be the mink, and future generations of man shall hunt
you."
"The Story Telling Stone" by Susan Feldman
Tribe Chief Reports
Apache:
John "Fire Stick" Matheos 330-864-6899,
330-418-3300 jmatheos@peoplesservices.com
What Da Hey! Nick and I hope you
and your families have a great holiday and look forward to seeing you all at
the Kalahari Water Park. We had all of
are active members at the banquet and had 100% participation at the community
service project!!!!!! We purchased over
$200 in groceries for needy families.
Congratulations on the Joe Friday award Kurt! Great job guys! Happy
Holidays!!
Arapaho: Paul “Big Foot” Scheatzle 330-832-0304,
330-323-7683 paulscheatzle@hotmail.com
The Arapaho tribe delivered and
spread a load of gravel and cleaned leaves from the front and back yard of a
local man in need for our service project.
He greatly appreciated it.
Thanks to the Comanche tribe for
assisting with the Father-Son Banquet.
It was a great success. I think
the Zoo-Mobile was well received.
Congratulations to Rich Ashley and
all of the Joe Friday award winners.
It was well-deserved. All of
your hard work and dedication is greatly appreciated.
Blackhawk: Todd “Sly Fox” Mellon 330-645-9456 330-819-7762
tmellon@primebusinesssolutions.net
Cherokee:
Sam “Buffalo Hump” Ewing 330-245-1138, 513-907-9860
samewing@sbcglobal.net
For some reason, this holiday
season has been a blur. And I'm not sure why.
As I have gotten older, time has
seemed to accelerate. With each passing year, the seasons fly by with
increasing speed. Recently, I heard a theory on why this time
compression occurs as we age. When we
are young, everything is new. The
stimulation of unique places, faces and experiences makes every day an
exciting adventure. As time
passes, the days become more routine and the environment more
mundane, and thus, with few novel experiences, our brain runs one day into
the next.
This theory often comes to mind
when my little brave jabbers enthusiastically about rocks or bugs or
the sky. And when he talks about last month as if it was sooooo long ago, I
realize that his timeline is moving much slower than mine.
I don't claim to know the secret to
making time slow down. But I bet if I
look at the world through the eyes of my little brave, and observe
things with his child-like fascination; the clock may slow a little.
As we continue through this special
time of year, there will be many familiar scenes. I plan to take a fresh look at all the "ordinary,
unremarkable" events as they unfold. Through the eyes of my
little brave, it will be a whole new year with exciting new toys and
unpredictable journeys. Indeed.
Happy Holidays!
Comanche:
Tom “Fighting Eagle”
Knoebel 330-882-2387 TKnoebel@tribute.com
The Comanche welcome Shawn Knisely and sons Collin and
Dylan to the tribe! The Knisely's are from Coventry, but we won't hold
that against them. We are now up to 4 big and 5 little braves in
the mighty Comanche tribe. Look out Big Medicine points, here we
come!
There are a lot of Nation events
coming up the next few months. And with the stress and bustle of the
holidays, sometimes we fail to remember the blessings that have been given
to our families, our communities and our country. So during
this time of year let's be thankful for all that we have, and let's be sure to
help others that may not be so fortunate.
Birthday wishes for Tucker “Big
Hawk” Pearce on December 6th and me, Tom “Fighting Eagle” Knoebel on
December 9th!
Creek:
Dave “Brave Buckeye” Rownd 330-494-5544, 330-352-4747
drownd@starkmetal.com
Merry Christmas from everyone in
the Creek Tribe! We had a great time at the Father/Son Banquet and our
tribe grew by two more members!! Welcome Ted and Michael Rath and Chris
and Cole Herrick! Both Dads being OSU grads makes Chief very happy!!!
Happy birthday this month to Colin
“Shining Star” Arbuthnot, Dan “Red Hawk” Borne, and Jake “Star Defender” Veney!
We all look forward to a fun time
at Kalahari then a Great Buckeye Victory on January 7th!!
A hearty “OH”….followed
by another hearty “IO” goes out to each and
every member of the Manikiki Nation!!
Crow: Jim “Buffalo Wing” Livers 330-334-8137,
330-807-6781 jlivers@neo.rr.com
Hello Mighty Crow,
I hope everyone had a great time at
the banquet. Congratulations to Carter
“Grey Feather” Hickman on his perfect attendance award.
The Christmas project is scheduled
for Sat. Dec. 15th in the A.M. We will
meet at Menche’s Brothers for breakfast and proceed to pick up gifts for Toys
for Tots.
Happy December Birthday to Carter
“Grey Feather” Hickman, Michael “Little Blue Gill” Mundy and Breven “Yellow
Fox” Miller.
Merry Christmas from the Livers
family
Kickapoo: Paul “Running Deer” Mallue 330-497-9943, 330-209-4366
malluep@firstenergycorp.com
The Kickapoo dads and sons had a
great time at the annual Father/Son banquet.
It was good to see everyone and we enjoyed the camaraderie, food,
awards, and wild entertainment.
Special thanks to Mark and Shawn
Fowler for their winning pumpkin at the November Ghoul Walk. As a result, the Kickapoo Tribe received
Pizza Hut gift cards. We will be
planning a tribe outing in January to enjoy this prize.
Looking forward to seeing all of
our tribe members on Thursday, December 13, as we meet for our annual service
project from 6-8 pm at Mercy Medical Center.
We will once again be making decorations for the patients’ Christmas Day
food trays.
As we enter the New Year, Steve
Maxim will be taking over for me as chief.
Thanks again Steve for volunteering to take a leadership role.
Mandan:
Bill “Snoring Bear” Spaid 330-896-6495,
330-896-6495 wspaid@aol.com
Mingo: Tim “Flying Arrow” Dunigan 330-896-2134,
330-414-2967 tddunigan1356@peoplepc.com
Merry Christmas from the Mighty
Mingo! The Father/Son Banquet was a big hit with our young and old little
braves. We are all excited about the
winter campout at the Kalahari Resort; all of our members will be there. The Mingo thank everyone who voted for our
scare as being the best in the Ghoul Walk. We will enjoy our Pizza Party at
Pizza Hut.
WE CHALLENGE ALL TRIBES TO BEAT US NEXT YEAR!!!!!!!!!!!!
The Mingo would like to thank Cory
Kanis and Lucas Dunigan for all their help in making our scare the best.
Mohawk: Brian "Fighting
Cardinal” Morris
330-896-1394, 330-933-2372 bdmorris@aol.com
Mighty Mohawk, The banquet was
a good time it was fun getting together with all of you. Thanks
for being there to support our outgoing braves Michael “Little Eagle” Duff
and Sean “Fighting Bear” Morris they will now help to blaze the way for
our Trailblazer program. Good luck
guys! We have our annual Christmas
project Dec 15th At Acme 53 in Ellet, ringing the bell for
the Salvation Army. We do this to
give back something to our communities and their families in need. Thanks for your participation in advance.
Happy Birthday to Greyson Burkdoff and
Michael Mathieu from the Mohawk Tribe!
Navajo: Jeff "Big Rubba Dubba" Reale 330-896-6256, 330-329-5041 ru4reale22@hotmail.com
Had a great time with the Ghoul
Walk-thanx Mingo, you guys really out did yourselves with some of the
scares! Arapaho &
Comanche-fantastic work on the F/S Banquet!
Appreciate the introduction of Project: St. Nicholas Returns, Inc. but
our tribe's biggest thrill was winning the Big Medicine Points! Thanx to Mike Vinciguerra for keeping us all
on the right path last year! Happy
belated B-days in Nov to;
Dylan "Green Eye" Vinciguerra, Craig "Big Running Buffalo"
Jenkins and for December: Matthew "Running Bear" Modena, Don
"Bald Eagle" Modena, Brian "Fast Fox" Roberts and for the
"Reason of the Season" our savior, Jesus Christ.
From The Navajo tribe to yours - We
wish you a very Merriest of Christmas and a blessed New Year.
Peace!
2007 Manikiki Nation
Award Recipients
OUTSTANDING SERVICE AWARD 2007
The Manikiki Nation has established the Outstanding Service
Award in recognition of those outgoing big braves that have exhibited outstanding
service to their tribe and the nation.
The nominees have outstandingly fulfilled the purpose of the Indian Guide
Program which is to foster the understanding and companionship of father and
son. The nominees exemplify the Pledge which is: "We, Father and Son,
through friendly service to each other, to our family, to our tribe, to our
community, seek a world pleasing to the eye of the Great Spirit."
Each year, the Manikiki Nation presents an Outstanding Service award to one
or more outgoing Big Braves. The Nation Council selects the recipients of the awards.
Congratulations to:
Pat “Running Bull” Duff - Mohawk
Pat served two years as the Mohawk tribe chief and then stepped up to
serve three years on council serving as: Wampum Bear, Nation Chief, and
Sachem. He won the Joe Friday award in
2004. His son Michael just earned his
5th and final perfect attendance medallion which earned him the Superior
Attendance Award Arrow. Pat is stepping
up in 2008 to be the chief of the new Trailblazer tribe and will be continuing
his leadership role in the Manikiki Nation for several more years.
Gregg “Running Wolf” Badalich - Arapaho
Gregg served as the Arapaho Chief
followed by four years on council as Medicine Man, War Chief, Nation Chief, and
Sachem. He won the Joe Friday award in
2003. He was a major contributor to
raising the level and quality of our annual fund raiser by selling massive
numbers of tickets, and making big contributions at silent auctions. Gregg’s passionate fire ceremony on the
beach at Camp Y-Noah in 2005 is legendary.
He raised two sons in the traditions of Indian Guides and had
immeasurable impact of the Manikiki Nation.
Special Note:
Tim “Flying Arrow”
Dunnigan – Mingo
Tim has been involved with Indian Guide
since he was a young brave in the early 60’s.
When he became a father, he joined the Manikiki Nation with his oldest
son and took an active leadership role as tribe chief and council member for
many years. He rejoined the Mingo Tribe
for a second tour of duty with his step son Adam McCardell and continued to be
a leader in the Nation. His most recent
contribution was resurrecting the Ghoul Walk which was a Manikiki Nation
tradition throughout the 90’s. He won a
Joe Friday award in 1992. He would have
been considered for the Outstanding Service award this year had he not won the
award in 1997.
JOE FRIDAY AWARD - 2007
The Manikiki Nation established the Joe Friday Award in
recognition of outstanding service to Tribe and Nation. Each recipient of the Award has thoroughly
fulfilled the purpose of the Indian Guides Program, which is to foster the
understanding and companionship of father and son.
The award is named in honor of the late Joe Friday, an
Ojibway Indian, and close friend to staff founder of the Y-Indian Guides
Program, Harold S. Keltner. The Joe
Friday committee, made up of past award winners, selects the recipients of the
award. The Joe Friday Award Committee
includes the following:
Tim Dunigan - Mingo
1992 Tom
Knoebel - Comanche 2001 & 2004
Scott Summers - Cherokee
2003 & 2007 Greg Badilich
- Arapaho 2003
Steve Shepley - Mandan 2003 Pat
Duff - Mohawk 2004
Larry Murgatroyd - Apache 2005 Tom
Turner - Kickapoo 2005
Jim Cross - Mohawk
2006 Kevin
Adkins - Creek 2006
Congratulations to:
Rich “Howling Wolf” Ashley - Arapaho
Rich has been a very active member of the
Arapaho tribe for six years and his outgoing son just earned an amazing sixth
perfect attendance medallion at the father son banquet. He was a tribe chief for two years and was
instrumental in making two Arapaho sponsored Father Son banquets successful. He also organized an Arapaho service project
that collected several hundred shoes for needy children in Iraq and sent them
to the soldiers to deliver. That
Christmas project spread through the nation and positively impacted the lives
of many people both here and in Iraq.
Last year Rich stepped up to serve on council and did an outstanding job
as our Nation Tally Keeper.
Dwayne “Big Bad Wolf” Haines - Navajo
Dwayne is a very active member of the
Navajo tribe. He finally got the chance
to be chief in a tribe that has a succession plan that is set up years in
advance. As chief two years ago his
tribe sponsored a summer family picnic at Clay’s park. The event was so well received by the nation
that the family picnic has become a traditional nation event. Last year Dwayne stepped up to the Wampum
Bear position on council which is one of the hardest jobs on council. He did a fine job and agreed to do it again
this year as we transition into a combine Guides/Trailblazer nation.
Kurt “Big Bear” Leibensperger - Apache
Becoming Nation Chief without earning this
award is pretty unusual and demonstrates how exclusive the Joe Friday club
is. Kurt has been nominated three times
starting in 2004 when as chief of the Apache tribe he ran the fund raiser event. We have since made that a council event
because it is such a huge job but Kurt and his tribe ran it extremely
well. In 2005 Kurt stepped up to
council and did a fine job as Tally Keeper.
In 2006 he was Manikiki Nation War Chief and took an active roll pushing
his recruiting agenda. But when you
consider how much he has contributed, he really deserves to be a member of our
club.
Jamie “Big Dog” Wiggins - Cherokee
Jamie and Scott “Singin’ Moose” joined
a Cherokee tribe that was about to fold in September of 2001. They teamed up to resurrect the Cherokee
into one of the Manikiki Nations strongest and most active tribes. This will be Jamie’s third nomination for
the award and in both the previous voting he has had the most votes of any none
award winner. The oldest of his three
boys is still only nine years old and his youngest just turned five, so he will
continue to be a leader in the Manikiki Nation for years to come. He has served as an active tribe chief twice
and last year he served on council as our nation Web Spinner.
100% PARTICIPATION AWARDS – 2007
Recognition awards shall be given to little braves for
participation in the equivalent of all Nation events less one. One event can be missed without a make-up
except for the Annual Fundraiser and the Christmas Project. (#) indicates the number of perfect
attendance awards earned.
Apache: Nick
Albrechta (1)
Navajo: Dylan
“Green Eye” Vinciguerra (1)
Navajo: Logan
“Buckeye” Vinciguerra (1)
Apache: Mathew “Laughing Buffalo” Campbell (2)
Apache: Nick “Crawling Beetle” Matheos (2)
Cherokee: Josh “Little Bear” Wiggins (2)
Cherokee: Justin “Running Pony” Crowl (2)
Comanche: Logan “Slithering Snake” Knoebel (2)
Mohawk: Sean “Soarring Eagle” Morris (2)
Mohawk: Brandon “Mighty
Hawk” Morris (2)
Mohawk: Justin “Mighty
Bluejay” Morris (2)
Mohawk: Alex
“Hopping Monkey” Cross (2)
Navajo: Lance
“Striking Snake” Anenson (2)
Navajo: Nicholas
“Wise Owl” Reale (2)
Apache: Andrew “Little Bear” Leibensperger (3)
Crow: Carter “Grey Feather” Hickman (3)
Navajo: Adam
“Raging Wolf” Haines (3)
Navajo: Tanner
“Hawkeye” Vinciguerra (3)
Apache: Jacob “Roaring Lion” Waller (4)
Apache: Sammy “Firechain Hawk” Waller (4)
Cherokee: Jacob “Running
Fox” Ewing (4)
Cherokee: Jarrett “Broken Arrow” Wiggins (4)
Comanche: Tucker “Big Hawk” Pearce
(4)
Navajo: Sean
“Black Fox” Roberts (4)
Creek: Jeremy “Jumping Carp” Adkins (5)
Cherokee: Kyle
“Wild Moose” Summers (5)
Mohawk: Michael “Little Eagle” Duff (5)
Arapaho: Richie “Running Wolf” Ashley (6)
SUPERIOR ATTENDANCE AWARD 2007
The ‘Superior Attendance Award” is presented to outgoing
brave who earned four or more perfect attendance medallions during their years
in the Manikiki Nation. The award is a
special authentic Indian arrow with their name and years of
service engraved on a leather wall hanger.
This year we are proud to present the award to the following two
outgoing braves:
Mohawk Michael “Little Eagle” Duff
Arapaho Richie “Running Wolf” Ashley
Mingo Adam “Speeding Bullet” McCardell
Manikiki Nation 2007 - 08 Event
Calendar ![]()
|
October
Event: Akron Zips Football Game |
November Event: Ghoul Walk (October) |
|
Place: Akron
Rubber Bowl Date: Saturday
October 13th Time: Tailgate
Party 4:00pm Event Type / Award: Family / Bead Cost: $5
per ticket Sponsor / Budget: Mohawk / $200 |
Place: Camp
Y’Noah Date: November
4th Time: 1:00
– 5:00 pm Event Type / Award: Family / Bead Cost: N/A Sponsor / Budget: Mingo / $400 |
|
December Event: Father-Son Banquet |
December
Event: Christmas Project (tribe
event)
|
|
Place: Guy’s
Party Center Date: Sunday,
December 2nd Time: 1:00
– 5:00 pm Event Type / Award: Father-Son / Claw Cost: FREE
… paid by fund raiser Sponsor / Budget: Arapaho-Comanche / $4500 |
Place: N/A Date: N/A Time: N/A Event Type / Award: Fathers-Son / Special Bead Cost: N/A Sponsor / Budget: All tribes / mandatory |
|
January
Event: Winter Campout |
February Event: FASCAR
Derby |
|
Place: Kalahari Date: January
4th Time: Fri.
afternoon – Sat. evening Event Type / Award: Fathers & Son / Arrowhead Cost: See
attachments Sponsor / Budget: Blackhawk-Mingo / $900 |
Place: Green
Family YMCA Date: Saturday,
February, TBD Time: 9:00
am – 1:00 pm Event Type / Award: Father-
Son/Claw or Special Cost: $5
per/car kit Sponsor/Budget: Comanche-Arapaho
/ $400 |
|
February
Event: Fundraiser –
Reverse Raffle |
March Event: Open (Pro-Football
HOF?) |
|
Place: Guy’s
Party Center Date: Saturday,
February TBD Time: 6:00
pm - midnight Event Type / Award: Adults / mandatory
event Cost: Tickets
$55 (x1 per member) Sponsor / Budget: Council / Make lots of $$$$ |
Place: TBD Date: March,
TBD Time: TBD Event Type / Award: Father-Son
/ Bead Cost: TBD Sponsor / Budget: Creek
/ $400 |
|
April Event: Open
(Late Night Party at YMCA) |
May Event: Spring Campout at Y’Noah |
|
Place: Green
Family YMCA Date: Saturday,
April (TBD) Time: 9:00pm
- Overnight Event Type / Award: Father-Son
/ Bead Cost: N/A Sponsor / Budget: Apache
/ $400 |
Place: Y-Noah
Campground Date: TBD Time: Fri.
evening – Sun. morning Event Type / Award: Fathers
& Son / Arrowhead Cost: $120
per family Sponsor / Budget: Cherokee-Crow
/ $1200 |
|
Memorial Day: Memorial Day Parade (makeup) |
June Comm. Svc. Proj:
ACS Relay For Life (makeup) |
|
Place: Green
High School Date: Monday,
May 28th Time: 9:30am lineup, 10:30 step off Event Type: Guides-Princesses
w’ Dads Cost: N/A Sponsor / Budget: Council
/ ($100 from disc.) |
Place: Green
Memorial Stadium Date: June
TBD Time: Friday
night-Saturday noon Event Type Family
/ Special Bead Cost: Just
a little of your time! Sponsor / Budget: Council
/ (donation from disc.) |
|
Summer Event: Akron Aeros Game & Fireworks |
Summer Event: Barberton Speedway |
|
Place: Canal
Park, Akron Date: Friday
night, TBD Time: TBD Event Type Family
/ Bead Cost: TBD Sponsor / Budget: Kickapoo
/ $0 |
Place: Barberton
Speedway Date: TBD Time: TBD
Event Type: Family
/ Bead Cost: TBD Sponsor / Budget: Mandan
/ $0 |
|
Summer Event: Family Picnic |
September Event: Fall Campout (primitive) |
|
Place: Akron
FOP Lodge/Grounds Date: Sunday,
TBD Time: 2:00
– to approx. 7:00 Event Type: Family
– Guides/Princesses Cost: TBD
+ Side dish per family Sponsor / Budget: Navajo
/ $400 |
Place: TBD Date: Sept.
TBD Time: Fri
evening – Sun morning Event Type / Award: Father-Son
/ Arrowhead Cost: TBD
Sponsor / Budget: Crow-Cherokee
/ $1500 |
Membership Drive $1000, Misc. Supplies $1200, Discretionary $1500, YMCA Donation $1000, Total $15,000
2008 Manikiki Nation Overnighter at Kalihari Swim Park

On
May, 20, 2005, Kalahari debuted as an African themed resort and Ohio’s largest
indoor waterpark, at 80,000 sq. ft., more than twice the size of its closest
competitor. Kalahari featured 596 guest rooms, 3 restaurants, 3 bars/lounges, a
full service Spa, and a variety of other entertainment activities.
In
August of 2006, 95,000 square feet of SPECTACULARLY themed meeting and event
space (Nia Center) was added for purposeful meetings and events.
Kalahari
Resort is currently the largest privately owned “All Under One Roof” facility
in the Midwest.
Future Growth
In fall 2006, 2 main
expansion phases began. The first includes almost 300 more guest rooms being added, bringing Kalahari’s
total guest room count to 884. The second features an
indoor waterpark expansion that is absolutely mammoth. Kalahari will more than
double the existing waterpark which was already the largest in Ohio to 160,000
sq. ft. When both expansions are complete by Christmas, 2007, Kalahari will be
the largest hotel in Ohio, and the AMERICA’S largest indoor waterpark!
From 596 Current Guest Rooms and
Suites to 884!
African themed and
beautifully appointed accommodations range from Oversized Rooms with Two Queen
Beds and Sofa Sleepers and Two Room Family Suites to the luxury of a Three
Bedroom Village Suites with fully equipped Kitchen, Dining Room, Jacuzzi
Bathtub, Fireside Parlor, Lanai/Balcony, and both King and Queen Beds to sleep
12.
Resort
Rooms feature:
·
Either Two Queen or King Beds
·
Most include Sofa Sleepers or Chair Sleepers
·
High Speed Internet & Voice Mail
·
Microwave and Refrigerators
·
Hairdryer and Dressing Mirrors
·
In Room Coffee Makers
·
All Day Room Service
·
Occasional Table with Chairs
·
Iron and Ironing Board. Valet Service.
·
Many with Fireplaces or Fireside Parlors
·
Waterpark Passes included in the Room / Suite Price
Dining and Entertainment
Dining options both
indoors and outside and the convenience of all day room service
Kahunaville
Restaurant:
·
Overlooks the Waterpark with colorful decor
·
Nightly Entertainment for kids and later in the
evening for adults
·
Lunch and Dinner from Salads and Appetizers to
delightfully distinctive
Entrees from Chicken
or Seafood to Steak, Quesadillas, or Sandwiches
·
Dramatic Drink and Dessert Presentations
·
Interactive Family Dining until 10 PM each
evening.
·
Couples and Adult Music after the little ones’
bedtime.
·
Widescreen Sports as it happens. NFL Ticket. NBA
Pass. And, more.
Great Karoo:
·
Spacious all day restaurant with African Country
Décor
·
Abundant Buffets for Breakfast, Lunch, and
Dinner most days of the week.
·
Omelets made to order early in the day and Chef
Carved Beef and Ham as well as Pasta prepared as you watch each evening.
·
Jamaican Pit Ribs, Meat Balls, Homemade Soups,
and Fresh Fruits
·
Dramatic Drink and Dessert Presentations
·
Relaxing location for a Dinner at your own pace
and quiet conversation.
Ivory
Coast:
·
Place to see and be seen at edge main Lobby and
Great Karoo.
·
Colorful and flaming designer drinks served in
Coconuts or city style.
·
Widescreen Sports as it happens. NFL Ticket. NBA
Pass. And, more.
Café
Mirage:
·
Freshly baked Pizza thin or thick crust, Small,
Large, or by the Slice.
·
Philly Cheese sandwiches, All Beef Hot Dogs, and
Snacks.
·
Dine at Mirage, carry out, or have delivered to
your room.
Resort Amenities and Shops
Each
Kalahari shop features African or Logo wear in addition to a wide variety of
gifts sundries, swimwear, and delicacies.
Kalahari Outpos Indigo Swimwear
Candy Hut
Big 5 Fireplace
Safari Clothing Co. Zakanaka
Outpost
Spa and Recreation
Spa Kalahari Fitness
Center
Outdoor Volleyball &
Shuffleboard Indoor Mini-Golf
Tiger/Lion Cub Photography Pottery Pizzaz
Big Game Arcade Team
Building
2008 Manikiki Nation Father and Son Car (FASCAR) Derby
Location: Green YMCA Gymnasium, 3800 Massillon Rd, Uniontown, 44685 - (330)
899-9622.
Race date: Saturday, February 16th
Times: Races will start
promptly by age group as follows:
Ages 5-7: 9:00 - 10:30
am
Ages 8-9: 10:30 - 12:00
pm
Ages 10-12: 12:00-1:30
pm
Registration: Friday evening,
February 15th, at the race location, from 6:00 - 8:00 pm.
Note: all cars must be
registered on Friday evening; there
will be NO registration of cars the morning of the race!
Car Specifications:
Maximum length: 10.0 inches. There is no minimum, but the distance between the
axles cannot be changed!
Maximum width: 4.5 inches at the widest point, including the axles.
Maximum weight: 16 ounces (one pound). There is no minimum weight.
Maximum height: Note! Because of the timing gate there is a 6¾ inch height
restriction!!!
Miscellaneous: No mechanical devices may be used to speed up the cars:
springs, magnets, moving weights, etc. Cars must run on the four wheels and two
axles provided in the kit. Axles must be stationary, but can be shortened.
Metal washers, cotter pins, etc, can be used to replace the red plastic
washers/caps provided in the kit. Any material is allowed in construction of
cars. Any lubrication, in any amount, is allowed before registration. No car modifications
or lubrication are allowed after registration, or between heats!
Other:
At registration, car weight and other dimensions will be verified.
If a brave cannot make it to the Y to register his car, another member of his
tribe, or a family member, can register it for him. The track will be set up
for trial runs Friday evening, and basic tools will be available for minor
adjustments on-site.
Each age bracket will be run as double-elimination, meaning that
each little brave is guaranteed at least two races. If possible, braves will
not race their first heat against other little braves in their own tribe.
Races will be started by the nose of the car. We will again be
using an electronic finishing gate to determine the winner of each heat. Track
problems of any kind will result in a ‘dead heat’ and the cars will be run
again.
No portion of the car may extend beyond the starting gate when the
car is placed on the track for racing.
Trophies will be awarded for the three fastest cars in each age
group. Design trophies will be awarded for the two best designed and/or
decorated cars, in each age group, in each of two different categories: Indian
Theme and Creative Theme. The criteria for design judging in the Indian Theme
are: originality and adherence to Native American themes. The criteria for
design judging in the Creative Theme are originality and creativity. Please be
sure that any decorative trappings do not fall off the car during the race or
in any way interfere with the other cars in the heat. Note that a car is
allowed to win for both decoration and speed! Other trophies may be awarded in
categories determined by the judges.
In the past we have always completed each age bracket in a very
timely manner, so this year are continuing with the one and one-half hour time
allotment for each age group. Please be on time and ready to race when your age
group is scheduled. As in years past, a little brave need not be present to
race his car. His father, chief, or
another little brave can place the car on the track when called to race. All
little braves that register a car will be given participation credit for the
event.
This is intended to be a ‘fun’ event for the boys and fathers, and
everyone’s patience and sportsmanship is appreciated. There will be three judges
for all stages of the event. One judge will come from each of the three
co-sponsoring tribes. All decisions of the judges are final!
Questions or comments about the event? Please call Tom Knoebel at 330.882.2387
2008 Manikiki Nation Sinkin’ Moose Fundraiser
Greetings Manikiki Nation
Members,
A couple of days ago you were
all sent an email that discussed upcoming events and included the following
section:
PROJECT
SAINT NICHOLAS POLAR BEAR SWIM
(Dano’s
Lakeside Pub, Saturday, December 1, 11am)
It’s a polar bear swim to buy Christmas gifts for less fortunate
families in our area. This is not a
formal Indian Guides event, but rumor has it that Navajo Chief Jeff “Big Rubba
Dubba” Reale and our own Sachem Scott “Singin’ Moose” Summers are among those
planning to jump into the freezing Portage Lakes for a very good cause.
Here is the real story; I was
volunteered by our new fearless leader Kurt “Big Bear” Leibensperger. So, I figured that the best way to get out
of doing this would be to set the donation bar at $250 which I figured to be
high enough to keep me out of the water.
(And if we actually did get up to that dollar figure it would be a worth
doing to help raise funds for a worthy cause). Well, as you can read below, we have made it past $250 so I
guess I will fulfill my spoken commitment and risk missing the F/S banquet on
Sunday while recovering from hypothermia in the hospital.
Now, I want to take this
opportunity to challenge the Manikiki Nation! Let’s double the
current figure and raise $500+, $250 for my jump, and $250 for Kurt “Big Bear” Leibensperger
to jump in with me. I know we can do
this so I will start with a $50 donation towards BIG BEAR's JUMP which
means we only need $200 more. Simply
reply to this email with a financial commitment and bring your donation with
you to the Father Son banquet (or make arrangements to get your donation to me
some other way). No donation is too
small and the more people that donate, the more fun it will be to talk about on
Sunday. There may even be some
embarrassing video to be viewed in dark corners of the banquet room. Also, all donations are tax deductible and
they will be listed in the next smoke signal news letter.
I have attached the
communications from Chiefs and Longhouse leadership that have made interesting
comments along with their donations.
And, at the end there are two pictures that will make reading this
entire email worth your time. Please
step up and commit to this worthy cause.
Let’s show the community that we have big hearts along with two
butt ugly leaders.
Tonka Hey,
Scott “Singin’ Moose” Summers
Manikiki Nation Sachem
330-606-6965
ScottS@RolandUS.com
I'm sure you all read my e-mail earlier about the fund raiser the
Jeff Reale puts on for Project St Nicholas, a charity that buys Christmas
presents for area families who can't afford them.
This Saturday at Noon at Dano's on the Lakes, they are having a
Polar Bear Swim. Our own Sachem Scott
"Swimming Moose" Summers, has made the commitment to take a dip in
the lake for the cause...if we can raise $250 from the members of the Manikiki
Nation. In case you haven't been to
this event, about 50 people, men, women, young, old, hot (more than a few
waitresses and bartenders go in...Quite a few in bikinis), not so hot (that
would be Scott) all take a quick swim in the cold lakes for the cause. It's lots of fun, and would be great to see
our nation represent well at this event.
Like I said, Scott will go in, if we raise $250....I'm good for
the first $50.
By the way, the forecast for Saturday is a high of 32 degrees, and
snow flurries. If you liked the water
balloons at Camp Fitch, you will love this event.
Tonka Hey!!!
Kurt "Big Bear" Leibensperger
___________________________
Kurt & Scott followers
Just that you know.
Jumpers show at Noon and jumpers are to go in by 1PM.
Thank you for all your support of PSNR.
Feel free to check our website www.psnr.org on what we do, its
pretty awesome, we're all very excited about it.
Again, big thanx to Scott who had no idea I just happened to think
of him jumping in prior to last Longhouse.
I owe you Scott, you can even push me in if you want!
Actually-if he raises the most $$-he'll even get a nice prize.
Let’s get his numbers up there!
See you Saturday!
Peace, Jeff "Big Rubba Dubba" Reale
___________________________
Does everyone know that Mooses are poor swimmers?
Bob Mahaney (Mohawk Tribe and Indian Princess nation chief)
___________________________
My bet is he will float!!!!
Dave Rownd, Crow tribe
___________________________
He'll sink like a bag of bricks..........
A COLD bag of bricks.
Dan “Big Rock” Hickman, Crow Tribe
___________________________
Bottom line is someone better be taping because it is a lock that
we will win 10 G’s for the nation on Americas Funniest Videos. So sink or swim doesn’t matter only the cash.
Bill Spaid, Mandan tribe
___________________________
All that moose fur will keep him warm!
Trouble is that cold water will surely make his
"antlers" shrink up!!
Jeff Pearce, Comanche Tribe
___________________________
The Arapaho are in for $20
Paul Scheatzle
Don't forget the sun block
___________________________
The Mighty Crow are in for $50.00
Jim Livers
___________________________
Great job to the nation!
With this pledge we are at $250...and the Moose is swimming in the
Lakes this Saturday!
Thanks to Dave Rownd $20...Bill Spaid $20...Jeff Pearce $20...Jeff
Reale $20...Kevin Adkins $50...Myself $50...Paul Scheatzle $20...Jim Livers
& The Crow $50.
Rumor has it the Cherokee are kicking in some money too!
So, now that we're donating in a big way....let's all show up and
support our one and only "Sinkin’ Moose"!
Cheers, KURT
___________________________
NOTE from the “Sinkin’
Moose”: This is when I sent out the
email challenging the Nation to come up with another $250 to get Kurt “Big
Polar Bear” in the water with me
___________________________
Dad, I will donate $5.01, can i come watch?
-Wild Moose (son of Singin’ Moose”)
___________________________
My money is on the Bear...put me down for $10....Thx, Mark Fowler
___________________________
Always knew my son was a little strange, but what can one expect
from a Singing Moose? I will contribute
$50 for the cause....but will not pay the hospital bill come Saturday
afternoon!
"Momma Moose"
___________________________
I’ll put $20 in on Kurt – tell him my wife (Allie) put me up to it!
Troy Anenson, Navajo
___________________________
Hey Everyone,
You all are crazier than the gal Kim that organizes this for our
Project!
But this is amazing how something like this just gains momentum!
I love this-I've got to add another $20 for Kurt just to be fair.
FYI-Whatever we raise, you can count on 95% or better will be
spent on needy families within the next 12 months. You can all thank Kurt for
everyone jumping on board-Kurt happened to be at this event last year and
thought this would be fun for the nation to participate in. Well Kurt, your
vision is about to happen!
There will be t-shirts, even CD's from last year's event available
and again-everything goes to Project: St. Nicholas Returns, Inc. (PSNR). And be
sure to thank Dano Mundy, he's let us host the event at his establishment now
for the past four years.
Again, on behalf of about the 30 volunteers that make PSNR fly
like it does-Thanx & God bless!
Peace, Jeff
PS: I think its going to be a shade above 35 degrees Saturday.
Don't worry, we've got paramedics in and outside of the water-we should make it
for Sunday's event.
___________________________
Chill out :-) (on Dec 1 that is, ha!)
I'm throwing in $20 bucks.
I probably would have donated more to
see Hickman jump in though!
Thanks, Rod – Crow Tribe
___________________________
The Knisely boys will kick in $20 to see this; we may
even show up to watch as we only live about 2 miles from the legendary Dano’s
Thanks, T. Shawn Knisely – Comanche
___________________________
I am in for 50.00. This is great.
Todd Mellon – Blackhawk
___________________________
We are getting closer to the magic
number that puts my protegee, Kurt "Big Polar Bear", into the water
with me. (Probably should have asked
him first but I am confident that peer pressure and pride will take over). No donation is too small so please ante up
on this great cause. Also, come on down
to Dano's (a member of the Crow Tribe) with you boy(s) to watch the
festivities. I will give you a show to
remember.
Tonka Hey,
Scott "Singin' Moose"
Summers
___________________________
Paul Miller will give you a $20.00 spot on Sunday- remind me -
thanks for your efforts.
Paul
___________________________
Moose, Put me in for $10......I will
be out of town this weekend so I won't be able to partake in watching but would
love to..........Let me know how and when I can get you the money......Good
luck and stay warm.
Jeff - Running Deer-Hixson
___________________________
I’m in for $20.00.
Scott Veney - Creek
___________________________
Count me in for $20
Dgh - Navajo
___________________________
Isn't
Leibensperger the German word for "icicle"? It should be.
Shelly and I are in for $50 to have Kurt take
the plunge.
___________________________
Count us in for $20.
Ross and Lisa
___________________________
I just have to say that this is a great group of guys! I come from a family that does this kind of
email banter, we make fun of our family and each other, a lot of back and forth
comments, all in good fun. It's great
to know that I've developed this group of friends through Indian Guides that
can do the same!
And it's great that we
can raise money for a good cause! Makes
me proud to be part of this!!
I'm just bummed that I
won't get to see the Manikiki Nation Swim Team in action!!!
Jeff "Last
Hawk" Pearce
p.s. great picture Tom,
makes me cold just looking at it.
___________________________
Gentlemen:
This is Jeff
Pearce's Office Manager, aka “Shops With Fist”. I'd like to kick in $10 to this worthy cause. I've really enjoyed all the emails, and
especially the picture at the end. I
would love to see the photo evidence, and I'll be you're right about the
$10,000 from AFV! Good luck Sinking
Moose and Chilly Bear!
Chriss Walker
___________________________
Moose...I knew you were
crazy, but this is really beyond words!
If I knew you really wanted to do this to yourself, I would have let you
jump in the pool in the back yard!!!!!
I think it's an amazing
cause! The Ewing's are in for $50 ---
but of course we have to be fair, so we'll split it among both of you crazy
boys :)
Good luck!!!!!!!!!!!! I'll
have hot chocolate for you if you need it when you get home! -- or maybe you'd
prefer heated "Moose Juice" :)
Shelly Ewing – Cherokee Squaw
___________________________
You guys are nuts! If
Scott catches pneumonia and dies... I hold each and every one of you
responsible for putting my kids through college! ;-)
Mrs. Moose (Debbie
“Screaming Moose” who is also a Cherokee Squaw)
___________________________
Hi Singing Moose.... I think you should officially change your
name to Cold Screaming Moose......
Tell Mrs. Moose that I
am behind her 100% that the nation is responsible for the college education of
your children .....
Joe and Joey will try to
make it to the 'event' tomorrow (wallet in hand) to witness your craziness all
in the name of charity!
Good Luck tomorrow...if
I were you I would have Dano contribute a couple shots of something to you
prior to the plunge... it may help!!
Talk to you soon,
Kari Shehan (former Crow Squaw)
___________________________
IT'S OFFICIAL!!!!
It took about a half hour last night to get over $250
commitment so Kurt "Big Bear" will be jumping in with me
tomorrow. As a matter of fact, we could
actually make it up to a $1000 with a few more pledges. The event starts at
Noon and will go on for an hour or so.
Please join us at Dano's lakeside bar to witness the craziness. Jeff Reale will be collecting your donations
at the Father Son banquet Sunday and we will be listing all participants in the
December Smoke. Remember that it is not
too late to make a pledge and no pledge is too small. Please reply to this email and be sure to come down to watch the
fun tomorrow.
Tonka Hey,
Scott "Singin' Moose" Summers
___________________________
With the checks & money Kurt gave me tonight and the info
listed below-you two alone have raised $785! That's pretty amazing for the
short amount of time this was initiated.
You know-Kim (our gal that organizes this event for us), always
gives out a prize to the person that raies the most, we could do that within
our nation...the possibilities are endless.
Timing is great as well-we are about to review the more than 80
requests we have this weekend.
When the year is complete-I can give the nation our review FY2007
and from our inception since 1994, some awesome stats!
Again, thanx for "jumping IN" the bandwagon.
Have a blessed Christmas and a prosperous 2008!
God Bless, Jeff “Big Rubba Dubba” Reale
I think this picture just
about sums it up…
From; Tom Knoebel, Comanche Tribe
I
Isn’t Leibensperger the German word for “icicle”?
From; Sam Ewing, Cherokee
Tribe
